Actually the pad is used to reduce the membrane stress around the opening, ideally to the level of unpenetrated shell. Membrane stress in shells with openings will be higher in the vicinity of the opening. On top of all, PVElite and CodeCalc calculations are inaccurate with regard to primary membrane stress at shell when using pads. This, in turn, reduces the accuracy of the calculations to some extent. In addition, the basic assumption in developing WRC107 is that the shell is not penetrated by the attachment, which neglects the stress rising effect of the opening. This method does not take the nozzle wall thickness into account for nozzles on cylindrical shells and the only parameter, which is really considered, is the outside radius of the round attachment (ref. 'WRC107 is not an acceptable method for evaluating nozzle external loads on cylindrical shells, especially where reinforcing pads are used.

''Worth' is certainly a subjective term.' said above -Ī different comment from a vessel designer. and i'm sure some of that cost includes someone to sit and make sure it doesn't leak onto the internet.įitter, happier, more productive RE: WRC Bulletins rneill (Mechanical) 11 Nov 09 11:15 Perhaps i've inadvertantly imposed my opinion on the WRC, but then again.i have no way to tell what my money is buying. and look at the cost of their training! they certainly don't seem to be looking to improve the independant engineer, but rather reach into the pockets of the industries that can afford the high pricing. i can't afford to stock my personal library with $300 books that i'll use for 1 or 2 chapters. i don't know about you guys, but i don't make six figures, and probably never will. My point is better illustrated by the asme prices for technical information.

i have no idea if i'm getting a 30 page soft-cover magazine of a technical piece, or a hard-bound book ala mcgraw-hill. I agree that it is necessary, and am all for giving, however, i have no way to preview the product in this particular case.

Wrc bulletin 452 pdf